Research Update: Peanut Allergies
Peanut allergies can result in some of the most severe allergic reactions including anaphylactic shock; it’s especially horrible when it happens to children. While research continues on how to overcome a present allergy to peanuts, the best option is to prevent the allergy from occurring. Recent research has shown that’s possible.
Peanut Exposure Early
Researchers decided to find out why Jewish children raised in Israel had fewer peanut allergies than children raised in the United Kingdom or the United States. In the Learning Early About Peanut Allergy (LEAP) trial, researchers used 680 babies with allergies to one of two groups based on their reaction to a peanut pin-prick test. One group was given peanuts snacks beginning at 4 to 11 months old, and members of the other group were not exposed to peanuts. They tracked the children for five years and found that 13.7% of the children who weren’t exposed to peanuts developed peanut allergies, while only 1.7% who were exposed to peanuts early developed peanut allergies. This falls into the category of being a landmark study.
The guidelines for exposure to peanuts were changed in 2016 to encourage peanut exposure earlier in life.
Recent Research
Researchers followed groups of children in the U.S. diagnosed with atopic dermatitis from birth through three years old over two time frames: before the peanut exposure guidelines were introduced for one to two years and after the peanut guidelines were changed for one to two years. They used medical records for diagnoses and blood markers that indicate peanut sensitivity. There was a significant decrease in peanut allergy diagnoses in the follow-up period after the guidelines were introduced compared to before the guidelines. In plain language, when applied to the entire population of children in the U.S., that means thousands of children may never develop severe allergies to peanuts.
The Bottom Line
We want to protect our children, and especially their health. One possible way to protect them is to make sure they’re exposed to a varied diet. Before the Guidelines were changed, the objective was to limit their exposure to anything that might cause problems, but the LEAP study demonstrated that could be a mistake. Discuss potential allergies with your pediatrician if your child shows any signs of allergic reactions, including something relatively simple like a rash. Get their opinion on the best course of action related to food sensitivities. If a little exposure now prevents more serious issues later, that seems like the best course of action. But you have to do what you believe is in the best interest of your children—I wouldn’t make this change without consulting our pediatrician, and I hope you wouldn’t either.
One final note: this only applies to very young children. If they have already been diagnosed with severe peanut allergies, that’s a different issue. Make sure you follow procedures that your physician has recommended, and never leave the house without an EpiPen.
What are you prepared to do today?
Dr. Chet
References:
1. N Engl J Med 2015;372:803-813
2. Pediatrics (2025) 156 (5): e2024070516.
