Men, Their Microbiome, and Infertility

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What role does a man’s microbiome play in infertility? Maybe a lot more than we thought. There are many more factors that affect fertility, with more studies published every day, but this week’s posts have focused on the microbiome. We’ll finish with a study on men.

Researchers examined the sperm of men who contributed semen to an in-vitro fertilization clinic before IVF with their partners. They wanted to determine whether there was a relationship between periodontal disease and sperm quantity and motility—how many sperm and how well those sperm moved. They found that men with periodontal disease had low sperm counts and the sperm were not as active. Those two problems can contribute to infertility.

Just as with women who have periodontal disease, the pathogenic bacteria appear to have an affect on fertility. The same type of treatment for periodontal disease may help fertility issues for both partners. But let me be clear: the microbiome is only one aspect of fertility; there are other issues that contribute to infertility that may also need to be addressed.

What are you prepared to do today?

Dr. Chet

 

Reference: J Clin Periodontol. 2011 Jun;38(6):542-6.

 

Your Oral Microbiome and Infertility

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Is there a relationship between the health of your teeth and your ability to conceive? Yes, and in today’s message, I’ll give you the latest research to come to that conclusion. This week’s messages provide insight into some of the health issues surrounding infertility. It’s also a kick-off of the second edition of my Healthy Babies CD and download.

In a review article, researchers examined the literature that was related to periodontal disease and women’s health. The examined systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and narrative reviews to evaluate all possible associations between periodontitis, systemic diseases, and women. The strongest association they found in the published literature was between infertility and periodontal disease, a growth in pathogenic bacteria in the gums surrounding the teeth. With open access to the bloodstream, these bacteria can affect many disease conditions such as heart disease. They can also contribute to infertility. And let’s be realistic: carrying a baby is a health challenge. You don’t need any rogue bacteria attacking your mouth or the rest of your body.

In this case, the solution for periodontal disease is simple: treat the periodontal disease and begin good oral hygiene including flossing, regular brushing, and regular dental check-ups. That will contribute to a healthy oral microbiome. There may still be other factors related to infertility that should be addressed, but you’ll have ruled out one possible obstacle as well as doing something great for your overall health.

What are you prepared to do today?

Dr. Chet

 

Reference: Curr Med Res Opin. 2017. Mar 24:1-11.

 

How Your Microbiome Affects Infertility

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Many couples struggle with infertility; they want to start a family but time passes with no results. This week, I’ll cover three recent studies that examine some factors that may affect fertility.

Researchers tested the fluids from the cervical-vaginal area in 96 subjects to examine the microbiome: were there any differences in the microbes in these women when compared to an established database of microbes typically found in that area? They found differences in the quantities of several bacteria. The researchers commented that the pattern of the microbiome was similar to women with bacterial vaginosis; it didn’t mean they had the condition, simply that there was a similar pattern in the microbiome. The researchers concluded that testing techniques could be developed along with treatment specific to the microbiome that could help infertility.

In this case, the researchers provided more questions and areas for further research. Where’s the solution? What can we do now? Ask yourself this: what makes the microbiome healthy in general? Without question, one of the primary ways is through diet. Eating vegetables, yogurt, and fermented foods contributes to a healthy microbiome.

What are you prepared to do today?

Dr. Chet

 

Reference: J Cell Physiol. 2017 Jul;232(7):1681-1688. doi: 10.1002/jcp.25806.

 

Pop Quiz on Fake Health News

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In last week’s posts, I gave you six questions to evaluate fake health news. Did I forget to say there’d be a quiz?

Below are three stories that you’ve sent me to check out. If you click on the link, it will take you to the story. As I take the rest of the week off to work on other projects, I want you to use what you learned last week, then send me an email about what you’ve found.

Here are the stories:

I know that some of you would not use any of these products, but choose one anyway. I want you to take out the emotion and just look at the facts you find.

I hope you’re healthy and well during Easter and Passover. I’ll be back with more health news next Tuesday.

What are you prepared to do today?

Dr. Chet

 

The Bottom Line on Fake Health News

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The final questions about checking fake health news completely depend on you—what you know and what your gut tells you. Let’s take a look:

5. Does it match your prior knowledge?
We all come to the table with a certain amount of knowledge. When it comes to health, it may be from a high school health class, listening to a lecture by a doctor, or other ways you’ve learned reliable health facts. Does what you’re reading seem to agree or conflict with that? Science changes as we get newer technology to examine things we couldn’t before, but it should still line up with what you’ve learned.

6. The final question is the simplest: does it make any sense?
What does your gut tell you? Is it reasonable that someone with no training in the sciences could discover something millions of trained scientists couldn’t? Sure, there’s always the exception, but it still should seem reasonable.

Those questions, along with the ones from Tuesday and Thursday, are what I ask every time I see something that promises too much. You know the old saying: if something seems too good to be true, it often is.

Keep in mind, too, that fake news is often click bait, and sometimes the owners of the site don’t just want to get paid for your click—they want to plant something harmful on your computer. It gives a whole new meaning to the term “breaking news.” If it doesn’t ring true, don’t even click it.

 

The Bottom Line

I thought the California teacher did his students a great service. If you read the article, you know they now fact-check him as well. I welcome you to do the same thing to me. That’s why I provide references for what I write. My goal is to always be one of those reliable sources. I gladly submit to anyone who wants to fact-check me—and now you know how to do it.

What about things that are complicated? Two that come to mind are soy and artificial sweeteners such as sucralose. In both cases, I’ve examined the research that Internet authors have used to say that they’re bad for us and given you what the research really says. Because they’re in a form you can reprint and give to your clients, your doctor, or your know-it-all cousin, they’re for sale on my website. All Bottom Line PDFs contain all the references I used to verify the facts, as do the zip files for the MP3 versions, and now all Bottom Lines are available as MP3s. Check them out today.

What are you prepared to do today?

Dr. Chet

 

Reference: http://bit.ly/2ozc2kC

 

When and Who: Spotting Fake Health News

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Let’s continue our look at how to check health news that you aren’t sure is real or fake. I hope you’ve had a chance to read the article by Stephen Hedley; if not, click the reference below to see what he taught his fifth grade class. One of my readers said he passed the article along to his niece, and I think that’s a great idea. Our kids are living in a world of fake news, and anything we can do to help them learn to spot it will make them savvier citizens and consumers, but as Mr. Hedley warned, prepare to be fact-checked.

Let’s continue with questions three and four:

3. When was the news story published?
That seems simple enough but many fake health articles don’t have a date. In one article I recently checked, the author published it as though it were her own. The problem was that it just seemed way too familiar. Way at the bottom, it was something she had found on the Internet and reposted. I recognized it from 15 years ago. Dates also apply to research citations. Research should stand the test of time but if an author uses a single study from 20 years ago on a topic such as supplements or a disease, that’s a warning they may be picking research to suit the message.

4. This one’s a big deal: what is the author’s expertise and background with the subject?
That’s a big problem on the Internet. People lose weight or find a diet that “heals” their irritable bowel disease, they start a blog, and are now “experts.” Even if they do seem to have some credentials, are they talking about something within their area of expertise? Do they have the training in statistics and research methods to understand the research they’re using? I may be getting beyond what you can do, but you can check someone’s education, training, and resume online in places such as Linked-In. Be suspicious if you find nothing there or elsewhere.

One thing: you don’t have to do these in the order that I’ve presented them. Sometimes, it’s easier to check the date something was posted or do a quick search on the author. We’ll finish it up on Saturday.

What are you prepared to do today?

Dr. Chet

 

Reference: http://bit.ly/2ozc2kC

 

Spotting Fake Health News

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Would you like to know whether a health news story is fake? Should you be worried and stop eating the deadly food they’ve identified? On the other hand, should you be excited? You know, if you do this one thing, you can lose your belly fat, or this exotic fruit prevents Alzheimer’s disease!

This week I’m going to adapt what a teacher taught his fifth graders on how to spot fake news. He developed seven questions that his students should answer, but I think I can do it in six. He tells them that it won’t guarantee something is true, but it can eliminate the “fakiest” news. I’ll give you two questions per day and explain how to look for answers with the same goal in mind.

1. Can you verify what’s being said from multiple sources?
Fake health news is often passed from one fake website to another, so it’s a little more complicated. Check the bottom of the article to see if this was an author from the website posting the information or whether it was taken from somewhere else. Keep drilling down until you can find the source. That allows you to see whether the originator may be credible or not. Another way is to check it on Snopes or some other fact-checking website.

2. Is the source of the information credible?
Every legitimate article related to health should have references. The references may be scientific journals or press releases from journals; yes, there are fake journals, but they’re rare. Fake press releases exist, but you can check their source as well. The important point is that you can find and read the original sources. Sites such as WebMD and PubMed are almost always reliable, but check whether it’s a research report or just someone’s opinion. Government sites such as the National Institutes of Health publish legitimate health stories as do major organizations such as the American Heart Association.

That’s enough to get started. More on Thursday.

What are you prepared to do today?

Dr. Chet

 

Reference: http://bit.ly/2ozc2kC

 

Sleep More and Quit Eating Sooner

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Sleep more, eat the same, and lose weight. Seriously? That’s what researchers are going to try to find out. At this point, there’s little question that for most people, lack of sleep messes with the circadian rhythms and negatively impacts glucose metabolism.

But a different research team is looking at another element: how long you eat every day can impact your ability to lose weight. Researchers have done a pilot study looking at eating intervals: the time you eat your first meal until you stop eating for the day. For people devoted to their evening snacks, it can be 16 to 18 hours per day.

In the pilot study, subjects restricted their eating to a period of 10 to 12 hours per day. Over 16 weeks, subjects lost an average of seven pounds. One more thing: they didn’t have to restrict their eating. They ate what they wanted, just in a shorter time interval every day.

This was a pilot study using an app that the researchers developed; they’re recruiting 10,000 subjects to see if the idea will work on a greater scale while collecting additional data. Such as what? Well, maybe you actually eat fewer calories when you eat in smaller time frame even if you eat the same foods. By the way, if you want to be a subject, check out www.mycircadianclock.org to see if you qualify.

Back to the sleep portion. The part that interests me the most is the messed up carbohydrate metabolism by eating when your clock says it’s time to sleep. Getting more sleep is not easy these days, but it just might be worth it.

We’ve all heard people say they cannot lose weight no matter what they do. Well, maybe getting a little more sleep and eating over fewer hours may help. Of course, if you’re a diabetic or hypoglycemic, talk with your doctor. But here’s something simple and cheap you could do: sleep more and eat the same over fewer hours. Will you lose weight? We don’t know, but it’s worth a try.

What are you prepared to do today?

Dr. Chet

 

Reference: doi:10.1001/jama.2017.0653

 

Can You Lose Weight by Sleeping More?

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That doesn’t seem to make any sense; you’re not going to be as active because you’re sleeping, so how can that help you lose weight? Well, if you’re sleeping you’re not eating, but there must be more to it than that. Let’s go back to the SCN, the pacemaker of rhythms.

Researchers have found that cortisol and melatonin aren’t the only hormones and organs tied to the light-dark cycles. Hundreds if not thousands of genes also respond to light-dark cycles. Glucose metabolism, the processing of sugars, is tied to these cycles; we seem to process sugars better during the light hours than at night. For some reason, eating carbohydrates in the dark hours results in slow processing of carbohydrates. Typically carbohydrate metabolism is a fairly high-energy process using 15 to 20% of the calories in digestion and absorption, but eating in the evening seems to decrease metabolism enough that it could theoretically result in gaining 12.5 pounds in a year.

Theory and life are two different things. Research on rodents shows that if researchers flip their cycle by feeding them in opposition to their rhythms—they’re day-sleepers, so they’re the opposite of us—they gain more weight when fed the same diet than mice fed during their normal cycle.

What about humans? Is there a solution? Skinny rats are fine, but what’s in it for us? We’ll wrap this up on Saturday.

What are you prepared to do today?

Dr. Chet

 

Reference: doi:10.1001/jama.2017.0653

 

Could Your Rhythms Be Keeping You Fat?

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You eat well and you exercise, but you still can’t lose any weight. What if the answer was in the natural rhythms of your body? I’m not talking about dance moves; I’m talking about circadian rhythms, the natural 24-hour cycles based on day and night. Since we can pretty much control the amount of light indoors 24-hours per day, our natural rhythms can be in disarray.

I’ve talked about the pacemaker of the heart several times over the years. It turns out that there’s an area in the brain called the superchiasmatic nucleus (SCN) that acts as the central pacemaker for circadian rhythms. It’s found in the hypothalamus and for a small group of cells, it seems to do a lot.

In the mornings in response to daylight, the SCN sends signals to raise body temperature and produce hormones such as cortisol. Time to get up! The SCN also responds to light by delaying the release of other hormones such as melatonin that help us sleep. When it gets dark the eyes signal the SCN that it’s night. Melatonin levels rise in the evening and stay elevated throughout the night, promoting sleep.

What does this have to do with being fat and not being able to lose weight? Now that we know how this pacemaker works, it turns out it could be an important factor. I’ll cover recent research the rest of the week.

What are you prepared to do today?

Dr. Chet

 

Reference: www.sleepfoundation.org.