Tag Archive for: blood pressure

Brain Boon, Not Brainrot

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Maybe you’ve been hearing about brainrot; if you have a kid in the house, the odds go way up. My point in mentioning this is to suggest that peanuts don’t contribute to brainrot, but may be a brain boon as I talked about on Tuesday. The question was why?

Nutrients May Hold the Key

Peanuts, as well as other nuts, are high in the amino acid l-arginine. Nitric oxide (NO) increases dilation in blood vessels which help blood flow everywhere but especially to the heart and the brain. We usually associate nitrates from vegetables with that process, but there’s another pathway which uses arginine to increase NO levels as well. That could explain the increases in blood flow to the areas of the brain. The increase in NO could also partially explain the reduction in systolic blood pressure.

In addition, the fiber in peanuts, the antioxidant properties found in the peanut skin phytonutrients, and replacing saturated fats with unsaturated fats may also have an impact on blood flow. The peanut skins contain resveratrol, a phytonutrient that has shown promise in reducing cardiovascular disease in general.

Carbohydrate intake increased while fat decreased during the eating-peanuts phase of the study. One of the key findings was that the unsaturated fats in the nuts replaced some of the saturated fats in the diet. Overall, the peanuts were beneficial.

Limitations with Hope

This was a small study with essentially healthy older adults; how that might work for people with disease must still be tested. The cost of the methodology using special MRI analytics limited how many subjects would be realistic to study, but there were at least some benefits in every category they tested. This shows that modifying the diet in just one area may be a step toward improving your health. There’s no reason not to try eating peanuts (unsalted or lightly salted is preferable) to see how it impacts us personally.

What are you prepared to do today?

        Dr. Chet

Reference: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2025.10.020

Peanuts as Health Food!

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I’m Chet and I’m a salt-a-holic—specifically, nuts and especially peanuts—so when I caught a headline about peanuts in my research feed, I had to check it out. The title of the paper included the words “skin-roasted peanut consumption” so whatever the study was about, I was in. We hear a lot about peanut allergies, but today let’s look at potential health benefits.

Researchers in the Netherlands wanted to find out whether peanut consumption would have the same mpact on blood flow to the brain and improve memory as prior research had shown with other nuts. The 31 subjects, average age 67, served as their own controls. They ate 60 grams of unsalted skin-roasted peanuts (about a half cup) every day for 16 weeks, took 8 weeks off to washout any short-term benefits, and then ate no nuts for another 16 weeks.

The technology used in this study was astounding, from measuring blood flow to different areas of the brain using two different methods, food frequency questionnaires, cognitive tests, and even tests of strength. When all was said and done, there was about a 3.6% and 4.5% increase in blood flow to two regions of the brain, a 5 point drop in systolic blood pressure, and an improvement in cognitive testing.

The question is why? Why would eating roughly 340 calories of peanuts a day increase blood flow to the brain? We’ll cover that on Saturday.

In this current state of uncertain healthcare coverage, you need a personal advocate to help you make the right choices for your health. Tomorrow is the final Insiders Conference call for the year. We’re going to cover a variety of topics as well as answer Insider questions. Become an Insider by 8 p.m. tomorrow night, and you can take part.

What are you prepared to do today?

        Dr. Chet

Reference: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2025.10.020

Protect Your Brain—Eat More Magnesium

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In the last Memo, we were left with the researchers’ question: if magnesium intake and BP were not related to a neuroprotective effect, what was? The researchers had some idea based on prior research: inflammation. Let’s take a look at what they found on the follow-up to their original study.

The methodology and subject pool of the study was essentially the same as the other study with the addition of several measures of inflammation, including hs-CRP. Researchers found that as magnesium intake increased, inflammation decreased. Subjects with higher levels of magnesium intake had increased brain volumes including grey matter and white matter, but not white matter lesions. This was an observational study, so cause and effect cannot be determined, but with close to 6,000 subjects, I think we can safely say there’s a definite relationship between magnesium intake and a neuroprotective effect.

How Much Do I Need?

The average intake of magnesium was 360 mg for men and 340 mg for women. A reader recently sent me a post in which a physician recommended that everyone should take 500 mg of magnesium every day. I’m not going to go that far because there’s still too much we don’t know. The biggest issue is we don’t know where the subjects got their magnesium; this study was done in the United Kingdom and they tend to eat more plant-based foods than Americans.

I’ve written to the lead author of the study to see if they plan to publish another study breaking down the contribution from foods and from supplements—I’ll let you know what he says. For now, I’m going to recommend that we increase our consumption of the top five sources of magnesium from foods. Those are:

         1 ounce pumpkin seeds
         3 ounces spinach
         1 ounce almonds
         3 ounces avocado
         1 ounce dark chocolate

If you’re interested in more information on magnesium and its benefits, become an Insider and you can listen to a replay of the last Insider conference call. Remember: Eat less. Eat better. Move more.

What are you prepared to do today?

        Dr. Chet

Reference: European Journal of Nutrition (2024) 63:1807–1818

How Magnesium Affects Your Brain

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If there’s one thing we can usually agree on, it’s that we want to retain as many of our important memories as we can along with the ability to learn new things. That’s why a couple of recent studies on the mineral magnesium caught my attention. Both were published in the past two years by the same research group, but the results of one inspired the second.

Researchers used data from the UK Biobank Study to examine the relationship between magnesium intake, blood pressure, and specific brain volumes. Just over 6,000 male and female subjects ages 40–73 completed the 16-month study. Brain volumes were assessed by MRI and included grey matter and white matter lesions. Dietary intake was assessed at least five times over the course of the study via the Oxford WebQ food frequency questionnaire.

The results demonstrated that high magnesium intake was associated with increased grey matter and lower volume of white matter lesions; there was no relationship between blood pressure and magnesium intake. What is also interesting was that brain volumes were stationary if magnesium intake remained stable, but if magnesium levels were low and rose, there was an increase in grey matter. It’s unclear if reducing magnesium intake would decrease grey matter.

The question is why? Prior research showed that low magnesium intake is related to increased blood pressure, but that wasn’t the case in this study. What caused the positive outcomes? We’ll look at the second study on Saturday.

The Insider conference call is tomorrow night. We’ll expand on the magnesium studies, including what supplement forms may be better than others. I’ll also be answering questions from Insiders. Become an Insider before 8 p.m. tomorrow night and you can join the discussion.

What are you prepared to do today?

        Dr. Chet

Reference: European Journal of Nutrition (2023) 62:2039–2051

How Isometrics Help Lower Your BP

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If you have a home blood pressure monitor, try a little experiment on yourself. Set up your monitor and cuff and sit quietly in a chair. After five minutes or so, take a deep breath, exhale, and hit the Start button on the monitor while breathing normally as your BP is taken. Record the results. Make sure the cuff deflates completely and continue sitting for another five minutes.

Then repeat the deep breath, exhale, and hit the Start button. This time, I want you to contract the muscle in the opposite arm as much as you can and hold the contraction until the BP is done, breathing normally the entire time. Do you notice a difference in the BP without and with contracting your opposite arm? Unless you lift heavy weights on a regular basis, you probably did.

When you contract the opposite arm, you’re restricting blood flow to that arm, thereby increasing the resistance. When you relax, there should be an increase in blood flow to that tissue. When you do isometric exercises regularly, that’s what happens in every muscle group involved.

How Isometrics Can Lower BP

Let’s return to the study. The researchers did a secondary analysis to see if they could find the exercise that lowered BP the most. The wall sit or wall chair worked best to lower systolic blood pressure, while running lowered diastolic blood pressure the most.

What’s the wall sit? It’s depicted in the photo above. The idea is to stand a foot or so from the wall, lean back until your back contacts the wall, and slide down to a sitting position for five to ten seconds, then slide back up. Repeat ten times several times per day; the key is to never hold your breath while you do it. The quadriceps and the gastrocnemius are a substantial amount of muscle. Restricting blood flow with isometrics will increase the resistance on the heart and blood vessels. The benefit is that you will get a training effect on both that lowers BP.

What’s actually going on with the nervous, cardiovascular, and muscular system isn’t quite clear, but knowing why won’t help you do them. If you don’t have orthopedic issues (and you don’t hold your breath while performing the isometrics), no matter what muscle groups you use, you may help lower your BP. I think the wall sit works the best due to total muscle mass involved, but every muscle group will help.

The Bottom Line

Will isometrics make you super fit? No. Super strong? No. There are also limitations as to the angles where strength will increase due to specificity of training. But there seems to be an emphasis on improving health with short episodes of exercise. Isometrics fit that niche quite well and as the study demonstrated, quite effectively as related to BP. We’re not done yet because two other studies have focused on activities that involve movement. We’ll talk about those next week. In the meantime, have a great Labor Day holiday.

What are you prepared to do today?

        Dr. Chet

Reference: British J Sp Med Online July 2023. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-106503

Isometric Exercise Lowers Blood Pressure

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This summer has seen several studies about exercise, so we’ll just continue with the flow from last week. The first study caught me by surprise: isometric exercise lowers blood pressure. When you do isometric exercises, you increase tension in a muscle without moving the joint, such as holding your leg still while you clench your thigh muscles; if you’ve got a wall, a chair, and a floor, you’ve got all you need. We don’t think of isometric, also called static exercise, as being effective in changing the dynamic flow of blood in the cardiovascular system. Let’s take a look at the study.

Researchers conducted a literature search of all published studies that examined the impact of any type of exercise on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP.) They conducted a pairwise and network meta-analysis to see which exercise helped BP the most. The most important finding was that every form of exercise significantly reduced SBP and DBP when performed for two weeks and longer: aerobic exercise, dynamic resistance (weight) training, combined training, high-intensity interval training (HIIT), and isometric exercise.

When they compared the efficacy of the different forms, isometric exercise lowered SBP the most, followed, in order, by combined training, weight training, aerobic training, and HIIT.

To me, isometrics are somewhat easy to perform because it removes obstacles such as orthopedic issues or equipment. But why would it reduce blood pressure more than other modes of exercise? We’ll check that out on Saturday.

What are you prepared to do today?

        Dr. Chet

Reference: British J Sp Med Online July 2023. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-106503

How Coffee Relates to CVD

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Researchers in Germany used a unique approach in the Hamburg City Health Study: they selected the first 10,000 volunteers. Volunteers who didn’t drink coffee were eliminated from the study, so they ended up with 9,009 subjects.

The researchers collected dietary data along with a variety of other demographic and physiological variables, integrating lifestyle-related behavior, comorbidities, biomarkers, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic data, and finally major cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). They divided up the subjects by coffee intake: low = less than three cups a day, medium = three or four cups per day, and high = more than four cups of coffee per day.

Results

This epidemiological cross-sectional study resulted in the following:

  • High coffee consumption correlated with slightly higher LDL cholesterol
  • Moderate and high coffee consumption correlated with lower systolic blood pressure and lower diastolic blood pressure
  • Different levels of coffee intake didn’t impact heart rhythms or function
  • Most important, coffee intake did not impact the presence of CVD nor prior cardiac events such as heart attacks and heart failure

Were the results of coffee and LDL cholesterol concerning? No—the difference was just five mg/dl, well within measurement error.

Is Coffee Safe to Drink?

Coffee was always safe to drink; the question was how our bodies responded to consuming it. Neither of these studies was perfect, but they show that even high coffee consumers, including myself, may not be at any significant risk for promoting or advancing CVD or cardiovascular events.

I think for most people coffee and caffeine are closely linked. What most of us don’t realize is that coffee is a complex liquid consisting of more than 1,000 bioactive substances, including phytochemicals that have proven beneficial for many organ systems; it’s not only a nervous system stimulant because of the caffeine content.

The Bottom Line

When it comes to coffee, I think it’s person-specific. Taste aside, some people may process caffeine differently, which may impact how much coffee someone could enjoy. These studies add to a body of work which shows that coffee is safe for the heart and other organs; other benefits or issues require further study. For me, time for another mug of Sumatra Roast.

What are you prepared to do today?

        Dr. Chet

Reference: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-31857-5

Research Update: Coffee and Heart Rhythms

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In one of the first jobs I ever had, the foreman would pour a half-cup of coffee and fill it up with water; he’d had a heart attack and his doctor told him to limit his coffee intake. Fifty years ago, physicians recommended that people avoid coffee if they had high blood pressure or had a cardiac event such as a heart attack. The thought was to lower the stimulating effect of caffeine to keep heart rate and blood pressure lower. In the interim, some studies showed that coffee contributes to cardiovascular disease and more recently, that it may not. So if you love coffee the way I love coffee, you may be encouraged by a couple of recent studies.

The first study examined the effect of coffee on heart rhythms in 100 subjects with a mean age of 39 who served as their own controls. All subjects had a variety of blood tests as well as genetic tests to determine if they were fast or slow processors of caffeine. They also wore a new-age heart rhythm monitor for the 14 days of the study. I’ve worn that monitor, and it gives accurate EKGs to monitor heart rate and heart rhythm abnormalities such as premature atrial contractions and atrial fibrillation.

The subjects were notified the evening before whether they were going to be on a two-day coffee drinking cycle or two-day caffeine avoidance; the idea was to track immediate impacts. The good news: there were no differences in abnormal rhythms on coffee days versus non-caffeine days and no impact of caffeine processing. One interesting observation: on the days subjects drank coffee, they walked more steps. We’ll look at the impact of coffee on cardiovascular disease events on Saturday.

What are you prepared to do today?

        Dr. Chet

Reference: N Engl J Med 2023;388:1092-100.

Taking Biotin? Tell Your Doctor

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Biotin is a B vitamin often used for skin health among other benefits; it’s involved in many metabolic processes in the body. Due to its chemical nature, it’s used as a coenzyme in several tests. One of those tests is for troponin, a protein released from the heart into the bloodstream during a heart attack. There are no large trials that have tested the effects of biotin on troponin testing, but a physician or lab tech needs to know if you’re taking extra biotin.

The amounts in multi-vitamins appear to cause no issues, but adding the biotin in products to improve hair, skin, and nails could be enough to impact the test. Did it in our subject’s case? Maybe. We don’t know for sure.

As we approach this long holiday weekend, take a minute to add up all the biotin you’re taking in supplements. If it’s more than one gram, and if you end up in the ER because of a suspected heart attack or stroke, tell the lab tech. It doesn’t impact your having a heart attack; it impacts the test as to whether you may have damage to your heart as a result of a heart attack. You don’t want that test to be inaccurate because it’s important to arriving at the correct diagnosis.

Enjoy the July Fourth holiday, check out the audios on sale for men and women, and I’ll be back next week.

What are you prepared to do today?

        Dr. Chet

Still in Doubt? Check It Out Again

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In the last Memo, I said we weren’t done with the person who had waited three days. We spoke again after a couple of days, and she still had the same pain profile: back and chest, not as intense. She’d had a heart catheterization that came back clear: no blockages in any of her coronary arteries. Still the discomfort bothered her.

I’ve talked to many people over the years who were going through the same thing. I always recommend they go to the ER immediately. She had done that, albeit a couple of days later, and the diagnosis was indeterminate. She did have extremely high blood pressure which had come down with treatment in the hospital, but like most people, she disliked some of the side effects and didn’t want to take the meds. As we talked, she mentioned that she also had dizziness going up a flight of stairs and her vision was blurry. That was it—that’s a symptom of a stroke, so I recommended she go back to the ER if someone was there to drive her.

They ran more tests including and MRI of her head. No blockages or evidence of a stroke; her blood pressure was still way too high, but that could be managed at home. Still there was a diagnosis of a heart attack based on enzyme levels even though the ECG didn’t show it. She is working on lifestyle changes to get off blood pressure medications if possible.

But the enzyme level triggered something in my memory, and I’ll tell you about that on Thursday. Make sure you read it before the holiday weekend begins. Remember, the audios Dr. Chet’s Health Tips for Women with Dr. Pam and Health Tips for Men are still on sale through the Fourth of July.

What are you prepared to do today?

        Dr. Chet