Tag Archive for: disease

The Supplementation Sweet Spot, Part Two

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We’ve got the beginning of our sweet spot for supplementation started with a multivitamin-multimineral and probiotics; today I’ll finish it up with two more—depending.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Recommendations on the type of omega-3s seem to be in flux with disagreements over docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The cause for concern seems to be the potential relationship between DHA and atrial fibrillation. I’m still not satisfied as to the relevancy of the risk in the general population with one exception: those people who’ve had myocardial infarctions (heart attacks) that resulted in the loss of heart muscle. For now, those people may want to be cautious. My research continues and when I have an answer, so will you.

Unless you regularly eat servings of cold-water fish two or three times a week, part of your foundation supplementation should be 1–3 grams of EPA, DHA, or the plant-sourced alpha linoleic acid (ALA), or a combination of all three. You can pick any body system, and omega-3s are most likely beneficial. This is especially true of the cardiovascular and nervous systems.

Vitamin D

The final foundation supplement that makes up our sweet spot is vitamin D but with a catch. Instead of taking massive amounts of vitamin D, the best way to determine whether you need to supplement with vitamin D is to get your blood levels checked via a 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) blood test. If you’re low in vitamin D, below 30 ng/mL, add more vitamin D to your supplements in 50 mcg (2,000 IU) increments until your blood level reaches 40–60 ng/mL. Obviously, you need to see your doctor for the test, but you should be seeing your doctor regularly anyway.

Depending on where you live, sunlight will help you maintain healthy vitamin D levels with about 15 minutes exposure per day. However, in Northern areas such as here in Grand Rapids, that only happens about half the year, so we make sure to take our vitamin D supplement and bump it up a little in winter.

More

Vitamin D has become controversial with the current COVID-19 outbreak. Vitamin D will not prevent you from catching COVID-19; it will help reduce the severity of symptoms. But megadosing on vitamin D can have consequences that can result in bone loss. That’s why basing your intake on a blood test is the right way to go.

The Bottom Line

There you have the sweet spot for foundation supplements that all of us need, regardless of the quality of our diet. What about all those other supplements out there? Fine tuning supplementation to meet your personal needs is where supplements get complicated and need to be personalized. With the billions of dollars spent on supplements every year, if everyone began with the sweet spot of foundation nutrients, everyone would be better off, just like the sweet spots for diet and exercise.

If you want to know more about the science behind these supplements as well as how to assess a quality manufacturer, get a digital copy of Supplementing Your Diet; if you want to pass along the information to others, get a 5-pack of CDs at reduced prices. They’re all on sale at 25% off, and that’s in addition to Member and Insider discounts. You can also find info on supplementation for other conditions such as high blood pressure, pregnancy, migraines, weight loss, and more at the Store at drchet.com.

What are you prepared to do today?

        Dr. Chet

Identifying the Supplementation Sweet Spot

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I believe everyone should add a foundation of supplements to their diet, but there’s no reason to take supplements you don’t need. The last two weeks, I’ve written about the sweet spot for nutrition and exercise as I see it, so it just seems logical to do the same thing for dietary supplements. While supplementation can be very complex, there’s a foundation where we all begin. To me, that’s the sweet spot.

It all begins with a multivitamin-multimineral. With the gaps we have in our diet and with research confirming the gaps, that’s where we should start, but how to choose? Your ideal daily multivitamin-multimineral would have at least the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for all the major vitamins and minerals. It should also have a blend of dehydrated plant material to provide the phytonutrients we’d get in plants if we ate them. That’s it. Too many brands on the market throw in herbs for men’s health or women’s health. Not everyone needs them, so why put them in a foundation supplement?

The second nutrient is actually not a nutrient; it’s probiotics. If we don’t eat enough raw or fermented foods, we’re not adding to our microbiome; adding a probiotic supplement will help build a stronger, more effective microbiome. Does the number of strains matter? No, but it’s better with strains shown by research to be beneficial. Do the colony forming units (CFUs) matter? Again, no. What does matter is whether it contains a prebiotic or not, typically a fiber such as inulin. Because our diets are poor in this food source, purchase one that contains prebiotics.

Those two supplements are the foundation of nutrition for people of every age and condition; there are two more that most people probably need, and we’ll talk about those on Saturday. If you’re interested in more of the science behind my choices, pick up a copy of Supplementing Your Diet as either a download for yourself or the CDs to share with others. They’re all on sale at 25% off, and that’s in addition to Member and Insider discounts.

What are you prepared to do today?

        Dr. Chet

Getting to the Exercise Sweet Spot

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Do you realize that five minutes is only 0.3% of a day? Can you really say you can’t at least begin to exercise? “Five minutes isn’t the issue—it’s the 45 minutes a day!” Yes, although 45 minutes is only a whopping 3% of your day, I know it can be hard to work it into your schedule. How about if you could cut the time spent in aerobic exercise in half, from 45 minutes to just over 20 minutes? Interested? Just remember there will be a price to pay.

High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT)

HIIT as is currently practiced began about 2008 and has been the focus of a lot of research since 2017. The current version alternates very intense intervals from 30 seconds to four minutes with rest periods of at least four minutes; most common is one minute of high intensity and four minutes of rest. Understand that the intensity is an all-out effort, something most sedentary people cannot and should not do—yet.

Remember the price? It’s getting in good enough aerobic condition to be able to handle the increased intensity. When you’re fit enough, four 20-minute HIIT sessions per week can provide you with the exercise sweet spot. Just remember this is only aerobic fitness. Lifting weights, yoga, stretching—that’s all separate.

Intensity

Here’s the real reason I’m getting a knee replacement done: I can’t work hard enough on the exercise bike to reach my target heart rate. Thigh pain above my bad knee hinders me from getting there. I’ve been on the cycle for at least six months, and I’m tired of not getting the workouts I’m used to getting through running.

Although running is not in my future after the knee is replaced, walking will be as well as using the elliptical again. I can replace running with walking uphill in order to achieve the fitness effect I want. It’s not as good but it will give me some variety. I can handle the pain of high-intensity training once I no longer have this level of knee pain. And that’s why I’m doing the knee replacement now.

The Bottom Line

The exercise sweet spot isn’t as precise as I would like, but it does follow a logical progression. Some exercise is better than none; if you’re not exercising at all, start with five minutes. Aspire to at least 30 minutes per day at least four days a week, then work up to 45 minutes.

When you can handle that and your physician says it’s okay, then you can start HIIT training to increase your fitness in less time and still have time to get stronger and more flexible. Even at 45 minutes a day, that’s just 3% of your day committed to exercise. That commitment of time will reduce your risk of just about every degenerative disease, which will help you really live more days of your life and not just struggle through them. Isn’t that worth the investment?

What are you prepared to do today?

        Dr. Chet

Finding the Exercise Sweet Spot

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After last week’s Memos on a sweet spot for food intake, Paula asked if I could do the same thing for exercise. The sweet spot for exercise isn’t so much between not enough movement and too much movement—it’s really between not enough movement and too much time, because most of us never have enough time to do all we need to do. So how can we put in enough time to be healthier but not so much time it becomes unworkable?

If nutrition is complicated, exercise can be more so; that’s why I’m going to stick to just one aspect of exercise: aerobic exercise. While strength, flexibility, and stamina are important, the key to better health is aerobic exercise. How much aerobic exercise is necessary to reduce the risk of all forms of disease, from Alzheimer’s disease to ulcers? There are three answers, depending on your current fitness level.

Riley, our six-year-old grandson, has a motor that doesn’t stop. He would rather be running and jumping, playing tag or battle or anything rather than sitting. Even watching a movie is an aerobic experience for him as he acts out his interpretation of each scene; he does amazing fight scenes! Unfortunately, adults don’t move nearly as much as Riley; most of us no longer have jobs that require moderate or intense physical activity. If you’re sedentary (and even home-schooling three kids is sedentary), then any exercise is better than none. Three minutes is better than two, and 12 is better than 10. Walking, cycling, aerobics—it doesn’t matter. Moving some is better than hardly moving.

Is there a magic number? It’s dependent on exactly how little you move, either due to physical limitations, work, or prior disease. There’s nothing like the precise recommendations similar to nutrition we covered last week.

The ultimate goal? The second answer, based on the current recommendations from every medical and exercise association, is 30 to 45 minutes of aerobic exercise per day most days of the week. There are 1,440 minutes in a day; 45 minutes would represent about 3% of a day. That’s less than the 10% change in diet we talked about last week.

What is the third answer? For those who want to be fitter, I’ll let you know on Saturday. For now, some is better than none. Are you going to begin today?

What are you prepared to do today?

        Dr. Chet

Found: The Dietary Sweet Spot

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Did you have any hot dogs this week after considering the minutes you might lose? How about eating some salmon for what you might gain? If it at least gave you pause, that’s good. The researchers did this study because “research shows that the overconsumption of food detrimental to health and underconsumption of food beneficial for health are leading causes of the health burden in the U.S.” For me it’s a little simpler: finding the sweet spot of nutrition.

Consider the enormity of what the researchers did. They not only considered the health benefit of over 5,000 foods but also the environmental impact. They would not have been able to do the calculations without the use of today’s advanced computing power.

Before I go further, a couple of points: a reminder that this is a theoretical study limited by what we think we know about the nutritional contribution of food to health and disease. Some food-disease relationships may change as we learn more. Second, the results are based on today’s data. As more precise data are collected, the HENI scores may change.

The Sweet Spot

Based on the current study, the researchers concluded that changing nutritional intake by just 10% can benefit both our health and the environment. The change has to be targeted and amounts to an average of 190 calories per person. If we can substitute servings of nuts, vegetables, legumes, and some forms of seafood for about a serving of beef or processed meats, it can yield an increase of about 48 minutes per day for a person over the age of 25—not in longevity but in healthy life minutes.

That’s it. Wherever you’re starting from, change 10% of your calories from questionable choices to healthy ones and you can impact your health. You don’t have to become a vegetarian or switch to an all plant-based diet. Just make a few substitutions; order broiled seafood instead of a steak or burger. Have a handful of nuts instead of a candy bar. Get a baked potato, easy on the butter, instead of fries, and a side salad instead of the onion rings—not every time, but at least one out of ten. If you’re starting from a really poor diet, you’ll probably want to add another 10% after you get this one established, but you don’t have to make immediate radical changes to start improving your health. Opt for slow and steady changes that you can maintain.

One more point: this research didn’t examine weight loss. It’s simply a caloric substitution from poorer choices to better ones to improve your health. While eating better may result in losing weight, that wasn’t the point of the study.

The Bottom Line

This study is as close to finding that sweet spot of nutrition as we have right now. While it’s theoretical, it does attempt to quantify the benefits of something I’ve said for years now: eat better. Combine that with eating less and moving more, and you’re bound to see health benefits.

What are you prepared to do today?

        Dr. Chet

Reference: Nature Food. 2021. (2):616–627.

In Search of the Sweet Spot for What You Eat

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After studying nutrition and exercise for so many years, the one thing I’ve tried to find is the “sweet spot” when it comes to what we should eat. I don’t mean how much sugar or sugary foods can we eat; I mean what do we have to eat to be healthy, reduce our risk of degenerative disease, yet still enjoy all kinds of food. One more thing: it has to be something everyone can do. I think being a vegan is great, but I’m not going to do it and it’s more effort than many people are willing to put into eating—plus I don’t think it’s necessary to be healthy.

What I want to find is the sweet spot: how much good food do I have to eat to balance the food that’s not as good?

Researchers at the University of Michigan may have helped begin the process; although it’s a completely theoretical study, it may give us some guidance. The researchers identified each food’s effect on disease, whether beneficial or detrimental, for over 5,000 foods. They also estimated the same risk-benefit ratio associated with the cost to the environment to grow and manufacture the food. Ultimately, they came up with the number of minutes a serving of a particular food would add or subtract from your life. Needless to say it needed a snappy acronym so they call it HENI, the Healthy Nutritional Index.

Love that hot dog on a bun? You lose about 35 minutes. Eat a dish with seafood? Add 35 minutes. It’s theoretical but it gives us an indication of a sweet spot. I’ll let you know all about that on Saturday.

What are you prepared to do today?

        Dr. Chet

Reference: Nature Food. 2021. (2):616–627.

The System Theory of Disease

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I first heard about systems and disease in a TED talk by Dr. David Agus, an oncologist in Southern California. (You can watch that TED talk by clicking the link above or copying the one in the references.) In it, he talks about how cancer is being treated: attack the cancer directly wherever it’s located. Based on a follow-up in the 12 years since his talk, I don’t know that things have changed a great deal.

The problem is that cancer is a complex system once it gets established. That’s why early diagnosis is critical. He goes on to say that cancers can be cured if caught early; if they’re not, the odds that the cancer can be eradicated decrease tremendously. That’s a little disheartening, to say the least, but out of that came a theory: a systems theory of disease that I’ve been thinking about since I heard that first talk.

Diseases Result from System Failure

The basis for my theory of disease as a system is that we have to look at all systems and organs involved in a disease, not just a specific organ. When it comes to something like cancer, it could include the cardiovascular system that sends blood and thereby nutrients to the tumor, no matter where the tumor is located. Restricting the blood flow to the tumor in some way can certainly impact its ability to gain nutrients, get rid of waste products, and inhibit it from defending itself.

In my opinion, we can use this approach for every disease and condition. We think in terms of doing one thing to be able to deal with a disease or condition: attack what we perceive as the cause. What we have to understand is that a condition such as obesity is not just a matter of overeating and under-exercising. Many of you have heard me say that it’s all about the calories—the end. I’m not modifying that because it really is about the calories, but the diet, the exercise, and other factors may be different for different people to achieve a solution to excess body weight based on genetics. For example, if you want to lose weight, maybe you first need to get treatment for your depression or your insomnia.I think the same is true for cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and on and on.

Systems and Aging

These days, my focus is on the diseases and conditions associated with aging: loss of muscle mass, excess body fat, changes in brain and memory, hypertension, vision, and so on. Each one is associated with complex systems, and thus must be dealt with in a multi-factorial way. That’s the purpose of Aging with a Vengeance: to find those solutions.

But before we get to that, we need to identify why complex systems fail. What goes wrong? How did they go wrong? That’ll be the focus of Tuesday’s memo.

What are you prepared to do today?

        Dr. Chet

Reference: Dr. David Angus TED Talk. https://bit.ly/2ThlJt5

Why I Hate Cilantro

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The All of Us genetic testing results I told you about Tuesday included four more genes; by examining the results, these genes explain a lot about my personal tastes. These are not world-changing genetic analyses such as risk for cardiovascular disease or celiac disease, but they’re nevertheless interesting. Here’s what else I found out about myself from the results.

Bitter

Remember, there are five tastes: bitter, salty, sour, sweet, and umami. Evidently not everyone tastes foods the same way; I didn’t know that there are at least 25 different types of bitter receptors. I have a gene that allows me to taste flavors that are considered bitter. There are at least 550 foods identified as bitter; some I naturally like such as coffee. We can adapt to tastes regardless of our genes, so you may develop an appreciation of bitter foods if you don’t like them now.

Earwax

I have a normal gene that allows me to produce wet earwax as opposed to dry, flaky earwax. In the analysis I received, there’s a long explanation about earwax and what it does. One function of earwax is to keep the ear drum dry when water enters the ear canal; it made me wonder if that’s why some people are more prone to “swimmer’s ear” than others.

Lactose Intolerance

There’s a gene that, depending on its location on your DNA, will allow you to produce more lactase, the enzyme that breaks down the milk sugar lactose. If the gene is in a different position, you may lose your ability to produce enough lactase, and thus you become lactose intolerant. Mine is evidently in a good position because I digest dairy products just fine.

Cilantro

I have the “I hate cilantro” gene. Actually, that’s an overstatement. If you have the gene mutation, you have a slight chance of disliking it, somewhere between 3% and 21%. To me (and Paula), it strongly tastes like soap instead of the refreshing citrus flavor most people experience.

Those were the genetic results I’ve gotten so far—nothing earth shattering but interesting nonetheless. It explains a lot, including that in spite of your genes, you can overcome some of your genetic tendencies and learn to love cilantro.

Consider joining the All of Us Research Program. You’ll be contributing a lot and you just might learn some interesting things about your genes as well. Check it out at https://www.joinallofus.org//#.

What are you prepared to do today?

        Dr. Chet

All of Us: Genetic Results

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Almost two years ago, I wrote about the All of Us Research Program. Their goal was to get 1,000,000 partners who would be subjects in the largest study ever done within the U.S. I decided to participate fully and that means answering questionnaires as well as giving blood samples and other basic health information. I’ve gotten some results but this past week, I finally got some of the analysis of my DNA and genetics.

Paula likes to call me a pure-bred: all of my ancestors were Polish (with the exception of one maternal great-grandfather), while her ancestors came from all over Europe. While I was curious what the ancestry portion of the DNA test would reveal, there wasn’t much doubt. The All of Us program goes through great pains to explain why some people might want to know their ancestry while others might not. I would describe it as fairly rigorous just to make sure that you really, really wanted to know the outcome.

My DNA confirmed that there was a 79% chance that I was from Eastern Europe, specifically Poland or the Ukraine. The rest of the probability was northern or western European. No great surprises there. They also tested for four other genes, and I’ll talk about those on Saturday.

They’re still looking for participants. I would urge you to go to https://allofus.nih.gov/ and be part of something greater than yourself. You might also find out why you love cilantro or think it tastes like soap.

Super Bowl Webinar Replay

If you missed out on the webinar, you can still watch it in its entirety by purchasing the replay. It was the kick-off event for longer term focus on helping you become the best version of yourself. Aging with a Vengeance is just the beginning; you’ll see more as the year goes on.

What are you prepared to do today?

        Dr. Chet

Listen to Dr. Dog

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When I’m traveling, I often scan the airline magazine. This past weekend, I found an intriguing article about dogs and disease.

A woman had an unexplained weight gain after she moved across country several years ago. She also had repeated UTIs, bladder infections, and abdominal pain unexplained by digestive issues. She was treated and seemed to recover, but her husky kept sniffing her abdomen. She tired of it and shooed the dog away, but the dog would hide in the back of a closet whimpering. When her abdominal pain came back, she put two and two together because of the dog’s actions and sought a further diagnosis. She was diagnosed with stage three ovarian cancer. It’s returned once and the dog acted the same way.

In another case, a women’s dog kept trying to bite the back of her calf. She finally looked at the area and found a dark spot. She had melanoma.

The ability of dogs to smell thousands of times better than we can seems to be related. Cancer releases proteins that dogs can smell. I’ve got more to research on this but for now, if your dog is trying to tell you something in some strange way, listen.

What are you prepared to do today?

        Dr. Chet

Reference: Southwest Travel Magazine. 02-2020.