Tag Archive for: fiber

The Downsides of Going Keto

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News stories about the side-effects of the still-popular ketogenic diet are showing up more frequently, so let’s review those this week and look at what you can do to address the issues while still attempting to stay in ketosis.

The first side effect is generally diarrhea. With the newer version of the ketogenic diets, the emphasis is on fats and oils, which make up the majority of calories, with protein second, and carbs last. Two things seem to contribute to diarrhea. The first is the use of fats containing high amounts of medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) such as extra-virgin coconut oil and other oil products made with added MCT. The reasons are unknown; it’s most likely related to changes in the microbiome due to the radical change in diet, but it may be that it’s a question of volume of MCT. Oils such as olive oil don’t seem to cause the problem. The solution to this problem may be experimenting with different oils to find the ones that work better for each individual.

The other reason the keto diet can cause diarrhea is a lack of fiber. The keto eating plan has no significant source of fiber in a diet without grains, beans and legumes, and vegetables; a couple cups of lettuce aren’t going to help very much. Soluble dietary fiber supplements may help, whether psyllium, inulin, or other fiber sources. Begin slowly by adding 5 grams a day mixed with water and slowly increase it to 15 or 20 grams spread out over the day. It can add bulk to the stool and stop what has been described as explosive diarrhea.

More on Thursday. Tomorrow is the Insider Conference call. There’s time for you to join before tomorrow’s call at 9 p.m. Eastern Time. What are you prepared to do today?

        Dr. Chet

More Reasons to Use Probiotics

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One of the most frequently asked questions I get is this: “Should I take probiotics when I take antibiotics? I don’t want to negate the benefits of the antibiotics.” Based on the summary of the Cochrane Review, I think there’s enough evidence to say that you should take probiotics any time you have to be on antibiotics. The research evidence is not perfect and the authors called for more and better research to confirm the results, but there appears to be no harm when taking probiotics during antibiotic use. If it doesn’t harm, then it’s a good idea to do it, even if the rate of C. diff is relatively low to begin with. But it’s a good idea to clear it with your doctor because reasons for taking antibiotics can be different.

There are a couple of things that we don’t know. What is the best type of probiotics to take? And how much should we take? In spite of those unknowns, when examining the data summary of all the studies, there was an overall benefit when probiotics were used. That means whether it was just one strain or several, in differing quantities, they all seemed to work. Whatever probiotic you typically use, take it during antibiotic use until we know more.

Another Review Paper

I’m currently going through a review paper on the brain-microbiome connection (3), and it’s one of the best reviews I’ve read in a long time. I’m still checking the background research; it’s complicated physiology and biochemistry. I can’t get it into the typical three Memos per week so it will be a new Bottom Line in the near future.

What I’ve taken away so far is that we should all be taking probiotics every day, unless there’s a reason you can’t. If you buy a quality product, they’re not inexpensive, but it’s still a good decision based on the potential benefits. In addition, it would be a good idea to add fermented foods to your diet every day: yogurt, especially Greek yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut, kim chi, and more. They all contain a variety of probiotics that can add to your microbiome.

You should also take a fiber supplement every day. Fiber supplements contain prebiotics that feed the probiotics—you’re feeding the good bacteria. In addition, eat foods with more fiber, and that means vegetables and fruits. Again, they can provide positive bacteria to help the microbiome if you eat them raw as well as the food the bacteria needs to thrive.

The Bottom Line

There is a long way to go until we have enough research that identifies the best strains and amounts of probiotics to take as well as the best sources. There’s always the possibility we’ll find a better way, such as eating specific varieties of fruit grown in a specific region of the world that has the right strains of bacteria. We just don’t know. But what we do know is that there are benefits to taking probiotics every day right now. I think that’s the path forward at this point for almost everyone.

What are you prepared to do today?

Dr. Chet

 

References:
1. JAMA. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.9064.
2. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Dec 19;12:CD006095.
3. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018;6:133–148.

 

Fiber and Your Microbiome

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Researchers used gnotobiotic mice in a recent study to test the importance of fiber; gnotobiotic mice are born with no bacteria of any type. Researchers used a synthetic human microbiome to introduce a bacteria colony into the mice. Once the colony was established, they withheld fiber from the diet of the mice. Then it gets scary: the mice’s microbiome used the naturally occurring mucus layer of the digestive system as food, which led to exposure of the underlying cells. The mice were exposed to a pathogen similar in effect to strains of E. coli in humans, and the mice that were deprived of fiber became ill as a result of the bacteria and died.

This mucus barrier is the same in our digestive system. The fiber we eat feeds our microbiome; if we don’t get adequate fiber in our diet, the possibility exists that a similar destruction of the mucus can take place.

The solution seems simple: eat vegetables, beans, and other fiber-containing foods to strengthen your microbiome and use a fiber supplement as insurance.

What are you prepared to do today?

Dr. Chet
Reference: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2016.10.043

 

What’s Wrong with Processed Foods

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If you do an Internet search for processed foods, you’ll get a whole lot of opinions on why they’re a bad thing. There isn’t a substantial amount of research behind the opinions when you look closely. In fact, there isn’t a substantial amount of research on processed foods at all and why they’re difficult to resist. Keep in mind that I’m talking about extensive processing; fruits and vegetables that are frozen immediately have been shown to have more nutrients than fresh produce that’s been sitting in the grocery display case for a while, and canned fruits and vegetables are a close second.

What’s the problem with processed foods, other than the fat, sugar, and salt? Two things stick out in my mind. First, the act of processing alters the vitamin, mineral, and phytonutrient content of the foods. Whether we’re talking about grains such as wheat or corn, beans such as soy, or dairy such as milk, some if not most nutrients are lost in the processing.

Second, you lose the fiber, and given how little fiber adults get, that might be the most serious loss of a nutrient. Fiber acts as a prebiotic to feed the microbes in our gut and helps with satiety and digestion. Breads, pastas, rolls, bagels, and every other processed food that uses grains come up short.

I’ll add one more to the list: probiotics. Processing destroys the good bacteria and other microbes that are valuable to our health. It isn’t just what we are getting in processed foods that harmful; it’s what we’re not getting that compounds the problem.

What’s the solution? I’ll finish this up on Saturday.

What are you prepared to do today?

Dr. Chet

 

Getting Rid of Constipation

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Adults, children, even infants get constipated, and no one likes it. Over time, I developed a combination of nutrients that seems to work for many people—not every person but most. Is it based on absolute science? I would be hard-pressed to say that the research on occasional constipation is definitive. There are over 22,000 citations in PubMed for every type of cause and medication for many types of constipation, but there’s no solid research on occasional constipation. I developed this combination based on the physiology and biochemistry involved, combined with years of experience.

The solution I . . .

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The Types of Fiber

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There are two types of fiber: soluble and insoluble. Let me break each down for you.

Soluble fiber is indigestible carbohydrates from plants; as the name suggests, they dissolve in water. They can actually form a gel-like substance in a glass, if you don’t consume it after mixing with water, or in the small intestine. Examples of foods that contain soluble fiber: psyllium, fruit, oats, barley, and legumes.

Insoluble fiber comes from plant cell walls. It does not dissolve in water but it can add bulk to the stool; that allows it to pass easier. Foods that contain . . .

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Why You Need Fiber

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One of the questions I get all the time is: What’s the big deal with fiber and why is it so important? In Real-Life Detox, my book that helps you naturally detoxify your body, I talk about the use of fiber during the fasting and detoxification process but didn’t cover it in great detail, so let’s take a closer look.

Fiber is the indigestible parts of plants. Because most Americans eat a diet very high in refined carbohydrates that have had the fiber . . .

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Nutrients in Avocados

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Now that everyone who watched the Super Bowl has seen the ads for the avocado, let’s take a look at the nutrition profile of avocados without the pit and skin.

The first thing that jumps out is the fat content: 21 grams of fat in the average-size avocado. A close look shows only 3 grams are saturated fat; the bulk of the fat, 13 grams, is monounsaturated fat, the same healthy fat that’s found in olive oil. And even before you ask “Is avocado oil a good fat to use in salads and cooking?” the answer is . . .

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