Tag Archive for: taurine

More Taurine, Longer Life

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The researchers next step was to supplement the diet of several species with taurine to see if the lifespan of various species would be increased. While they didn’t include humans in the study (we live too long), they did note in other studies that some factors related to aging declined with taurine supplementation.

Taurine supplementation significantly increased the lifespan of worms, mice, and rhesus monkeys, but researchers didn’t determine the originating mechanism involved in the protective process. Certainly, genes have to be impacted in some way, but the only conclusion they could make is that supplementing with taurine extended the lifespan of the species tested.

Combine that with the decline that occurs with aging in humans and the associated increase of degenerative conditions, and it appears that taurine is critical for improving human health as well decreasing some of the manifestations of aging.

Increasing Taurine Intake

The only real question is the best way to increase taurine levels. Would there be any downside to taking a taurine supplement? Or should we focus on increasing the protein in our diet, specifically the animal protein? Here’s something else to consider before we get to that point: one of the characteristics of aging is a decrease in protein intake. There’s no reason that I could find for that to happen. It just does.

I think it should be a combination of both sources. Protein intake should be increased once a person reaches 50 to at least one gram per kilogram body weight. That would mean it would be roughly half a person’s body weight in grams. If you weigh 200 pounds, you should probably get 100 to 120 grams of protein per day. It may be prudent for those over 70 to exceed that amount, not just for the taurine but also to stem the loss of muscle mass. It may require a concerted effort to eat that much protein.

Let’s turn to taurine supplementation. Taurine is typically offered in 500 milligram capsules. When you look at the research, the amount used in studies ranges from 500 milligrams per day up to six grams per day. A couple of studies lasted at least six months long. Taurine supplementation seems safe.

Starting with one gram of taurine per day for a minimum of 60 days is a good place to begin. Depending on where you began, you may or may not feel anything, so you can increase the amount. Or you may find it’s having a profound effect on you because it impacts so many different organ systems in the body, and you may decide to hold the line.

How about your diet? What foods contain taurine? The highest taurine levels would be found in shellfish, eggs, soy products, and liver as well as—surprise, surprise—energy drinks if you want to use them. But don’t forget, all animal protein will count because it will have the two primary amino acids that taurine is made from: methionine and cysteine.

The Bottom Line

Is taurine the fountain of youth? No. But it’s one of many strategies we can use to age well. Living long is not good enough. Living well longer should be our goal. Increasing taurine levels is another step in aging with a vengeance.

What are you prepared to do today?

        Dr. Chet

Reference: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abn9257

Taurine’s Effects on Aging

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A recent research paper examined the amino acid taurine and its connection to aging; in fact, the title of the research paper is “Taurine as a Driver of Aging.” It was published in the journal Science in June 2023; it’s open access if you’re interested in reading the article itself.

Taurine is a sulfur-containing amino acid that can be made from the amino acids methionine or cysteine metabolism. It plays a role in several essential body functions, such as regulating calcium levels in certain cells, manufacturing bile salts, balancing electrolytes in the body, and supporting the development of the nervous system. There is one more way that taurine may benefit us: taurine appears to be important in mitochondrial health as well. And when you think mitochondria, think energy.

In the first part of the study, the researchers examined taurine levels at various ages during the lifespan of several species. They looked at mice, macaques, worms, yeast, and human beings. The results were absolutely clear: as these species got older, the taurine levels decreased substantially. While all species had other metabolic functions going on, the stark drop in taurine certainly appeared to be related to the decline of many body systems.

But how do you test that? You supplement the diet of the particular species with taurine. That’s what the researchers did, and I’ll tell you what happened on Saturday.

What are you prepared to do today?

        Dr. Chet

Reference: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abn9257

Why You Need Taurine

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Two years ago, I wrote about an episode of food poisoning that Paula and I both had. It was gut wrenching, literally, but it may have been a good thing. How is that possible? Believe it or not, it might have been a training session for our microbiomes.

Scientists have been examining ways to reduce our dependence on antibiotics, and that includes studying the way the microbiome responds to bacterial infections. They have exposed rodents to specific bacterial pathogens and then studied how the animal’s gut responds. When they later expose the animals to the same or similar pathogenic bacteria, the response is significantly reduced. How?

The second exposure caused an increase in the probiotics that release hydrogen sulfide; this chemical interferes with the pathogenic bacteria’s ability to produce energy, thus reducing the negative effects of the invader. The microbiome “remembered” the invader and responded with the correct defense. They further explored how taurine supplementation would impact the response; because taurine contains a sulfonyl group, it supports the production of hydrogen sulfide. They found taurine was effective to increase production and reduce the impact of the pathogens.

Taurine is found only in animal sources; seafood leads the list. However, the body can make taurine from cysteine; that may help as long as a person, carnivore or vegan, gets all the amino acids. Taurine is also found in energy drinks and assorted sports products. We’re not at the point where a specific quantity of taurine can be recommended for suspected food poisoning, but it’s good to know that our microbiome may be trained against some food-poisoning pathogens.

What are you prepared to do today?

        Dr. Chet

References: Call. 2021. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.12.011

The Bottom Line on Cats and Dogs and Supplements

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One of my all-time favorite movie lines is by Bill Murray’s character in the original Ghostbusters. He goes on a rant about the coming plague of ghosts and says “…dogs and cats living together…” It’s the delivery more than the words, but it still makes me laugh. I often blurt it out when people talk about all the things that could go wrong if X happens.

I decided to search the literature for specific supplements that can benefit cats and dogs, whether they live together or not. There’s no research on multivitamins-multiminerals per se, although there’s some info on the use of vitamins and minerals as additives to food.

Cats and Supplements

There are two primary areas of research on supplements in cats. The first is the amino acid taurine and the other is joint issues. The lack of taurine in a cat’s diet can result in compromised immune systems, eye problems including blindness, deafness, cardiomyopathy and heart failure, and reproductive issues. Researchers have found that taurine supplementation can increase the taurine level in a cat’s cardiac tissue. One more thing: soy interferes with taurine absorption or utilization, so make sure that the food you feed your cat is soy-free.

The other issue is joint problems such as arthritis. In research on cats, the same blends used in humans that consist of glucosamine, chondroitin, Boswellia, and fish oil help alleviate pain as assessed by owner and veterinarian pain evaluations.

Dogs and Supplements

The big issue with dogs is joint problems such as osteoarthritis. Research shows that the same nutrients recommended for cats and humans are appropriate for dogs: glucosamine, chondroitin, Boswellia, and fish oil. When it comes to amino acids, dogs require 10 essential amino acids to be healthy. While they can get that from vegetarian protein, research shows that dogs can smell it when meals don’t contain all the essential amino acids and will avoid them. That’s some sniffer dogs have!

In the category of interesting research, the amino acid l-arginine together with antioxidants has been shown to benefit dogs with memory issues. Also medium-chain triglycerides are being tested in epileptic dogs to see if the supplement can help reduce seizures. Maybe a teaspoon of coconut oil every day can benefit these dogs—there’s no harm in it while waiting for the research to be completed.

The Bottom Line

We love our cats and dogs and want them to being as healthy as they can be. Targeted supplementation for specific issues is certainly warranted, and it’s probably good to use the same recommendations for us humans and for our best friends: eat better, eat less, and move more. You’ll both be healthier for it!

What are you prepared to do today?

        Dr. Chet

References:
1. Vet Med Sci. 2019 Aug;5(3):325-335. doi: 10.1002/vms3.1822.
2. J Nutr. 1995 Nov;125(11):2831-7. doi: 10.1093/jn/125.11.2831.
3. Am J Vet Res. 1992 Feb;53(2):237-41.

Do Cats Need Vitamins?

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Absolutely no way I could write about dogs without talking about cats as well, and there’s good reason: my daughter-in-law is an ardent cat advocate. She and our son act as foster parents for kittens from their local animal society until they’re ready for adoption so that when they join a family, they’re accustomed to being around people. When you have grandcats, even only for a few weeks, you want to see how they’re doing and what Matthew and Kerri have named the latest pair. I also want to see that they do well, so the topic was relevant: can cats take vitamins and minerals?

When the National Academy of Sciences put together the report on dogs, they also did the same type of brochure for cats, and again the quantities seem proportional to body weight.

One difference I noticed about cats is that they require the amino acid taurine to be healthy. As a result, while dogs could do well on a vegetarian diet with enough protein, cats require animal protein. You can check out the entire PDF to get additional information.

What are you prepared to do today?

        Dr. Chet

Reference: www.nap.edu/resource/10668/cat_nutrition_final.pdf

Taurine and Caffeine

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Today we’re wrapping up our look at the potential benefits of adding more taurine to your diet. One of the topics I get asked about most often is the effect of caffeine and taurine in combination on the heart. The concern is that energy drinks contain both nutrients; would that have negative effects on people with heart issues such as hypertension? Let’s take a look at a recent research review.

The authors of the review paper examined the available research on the potential interactions between caffeine and taurine because of the increase in energy-drink consumption. The effects . . .

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Taurine and Diabetes

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We’re continuing our look at taurine and some interesting research on its potential benefits. Today, we’re looking at taurine and diabetes but let me be clear: this is mostly theoretical at this point; there has been substantial animal research but not as many human trials as I would like. Still I think it’s worth talking about now.

There are three areas that are affected substantially if you have type 1 or type 2 diabetes: the heart and cardiovascular system, the eyes, and the hands and feet. In this review paper, researchers found an association between diabetes and . . .

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Taurine and Energy Drinks

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Taurine is typically found in energy drinks, but many people don’t understand how it works. Let’s start with the obvious: how could taurine help with increasing energy levels in the body?

In a review article, the authors explained the role of the beta-amino acid taurine in energy production (1): not supplying calories, but having a role in the production of energy inside the mitochondria, the powerhouse of the cell. It’s an extremely complicated biochemical process, but let’s see if we can break it down into simpler terms.

Taurine contributes to the production of proteins inside . . .

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