Tag Archive for: caffeine

Caffeine and Your Health

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The health reports on coffee and caffeine seem to change on a regular basis. First caffeine is good, then it’s bad. To bring you up to date, I’m providing the latest information based on a recent scientific statement on caffeine and cardiovascular disease by the American Heart Association.

Caffeine and Heart Disease

Overall, caffeine — especially filtered coffee — seems to benefit the heart. I used that word “seems” intentionally because that’s what the current science indicates.

Caffeine, especially from coffee, has proven to reduce the risk of atrial fibrillation. On the other hand, caffeine in general seems to increase premature ventricular contractions (PVCs). Why it might decrease risk of one arrythmia while increasing another type is unknown, but that’s what the data suggest. Caffeine either has no impact or may even decrease the risk of coronary artery disease, heart failure, and stroke. The latter is most pronounced with coffee. While caffeine doesn’t seem to impact coronary artery disease, caffeine does release fatty acids from fat cells; that could raise LDL cholesterol, and again, may only be a factor for some people.

When it comes to blood pressure, the relationship has no established pattern at this time.  It can increase it in some people, depending on the amount consumed, or have no effect. It seems to be an individual response.

Good news: caffeine, especially coffee drinking, reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes.

The Bottom Line

My feeling is that it may all come down to genetics. If you have the combination of genes I mentioned Tuesday that result in fast metabolism, you likely will have fewer issues, especially with coffee. If you’re a slow metabolizer, caffeine stays in your bloodstream longer and that may elicit the negative impacts.

I’m going to continue to enjoy drinking my coffee within the guidelines some suggest: four to five cups of filtered coffee per day, which is less than 300 mg of caffeine.  Other sources of caffeine? I don’t use energy drinks or products with caffeine in them because they don’t work for me; however some drinks may have excessive amounts of caffeine in them. Check the chart in the reference for info on caffeine in other drinks, such as tea and soda, and other products like pain relievers. You can get your caffeine any way you want; just try to keep it under 300 mg per day.

Remember, coffee and tea have more phytonutrients in them than just caffeine; that may also have an impact on who can handle caffeine or not. I’ll keep you posted when more research is published.

What are you prepared to do today?

        Dr. Chet

Reference: Circulation. 2026;154:e345–e355. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000001454

Caffeine’s Effects

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I love coffee. I had my first coffee when still using a bottle; my mother would put coffee with milk and sugar in it, and that’s what I drank instead of water. I don’t know why, especially after having been around an infant for the first time — the last thing baby Riley needed was more energy from caffeine!

Recently the American Heart Association published an updated review of coffee and caffeine, so today let’s cover facts about caffeine and coffee:

  • Caffeine has a close to 100% bioavailability when taken in a drink like coffee and tea, but caffeine can also be absorbed through the skin and inserted rectally. Remember when coffee enemas were popular years ago? Maybe people felt better because of all the caffeine they absorbed. (Or maybe they were just glad it was over.)
  • Many over-the-counter drugs have caffeine in them such as pain relievers and hangover preparations.
  • If you drink coffee or caffeinated beverages when you eat, you may delay or diminish the effects of caffeine, especially with meals high in fat.
  • There are definite genetic variations in your ability to absorb and utilize caffeine. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the CYP1A2 and AHR genes determine whether a person metabolizes caffeine fast or slow. I’m a fast metabolizer — I can drink coffee and go right to sleep. How about you?

Today, I drink my coffee black with no additions. But what’s the story on coffee, caffeine, and your health? I’ll cover that on Saturday.

What are you prepared to do today?

        Dr. Chet

Reference: Circulation. 2026;154:e345–e355. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000001454

Coffee to Go

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The health benefits of tea are substantial, and in some ways, coffee is even better. They both have substantial amounts of  phytonutrients, but this isn’t about the benefits to your heart, your liver, or your brain. This is about the comparative benefits to your digestive system of coffee and tea. While the fiber approach wasn’t really significant, one of the nutrients in both drinks was.

While I’ve never given it much thought, some people feel the urge to defecate shortly after drinking a cup of coffee, and to a lesser extent, tea as well. With all those phytonutrients, researchers selected a nutrient common to both to test: caffeine. That appeared to be the only study done to directly test the impact of caffeine on bowel movements.

The subjects were required to insert an anorectal manometer into their rectum to test the pressure of the anal sphincter muscles. (Let’s pause here to say a thank you to all the people who volunteer as subjects in these health studies.) There was no response to drinking plain water, but after caffeine ingestion there was a significant increase in pressure at 10 minutes and even greater pressure at 15 minutes. In short, the increase in pressure indicated the ability to “go” once the muscles relaxed.

The only issue I see is the amount of caffeine: the researchers tested at 3.5 mg/kg body weight. For a 180-pound person, that would be almost 300 mg caffeine in one dose, or almost four cups of coffee at one sitting. It would have been nice to see the lowest dose that worked, because not many people would tolerate that much caffeine in one dose. Then there is the issue of genetics, comparing fast metabolizers versus slow caffeine metabolizers.

The Bottom Line

That’s the scoop on poop from a coffee versus tea perspective. You probably never thought about it, but that morning cup of Joe just might help you go. Enjoy the Super Bowl—or not. But if you only watch it for the half-time show, you might want to consider your timing on what you drink, when you drink it, and how much caffeine you get.

Remember, the Aging with a Vengeance: Managing Pain webinar is in two weeks on February 25. Information will be coming soon.

What are you prepared to do today?

        Dr. Chet

Reference: Dis Colon Rectum. 2008 Jun;51(6):928-31.

How Coffee Relates to CVD

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Researchers in Germany used a unique approach in the Hamburg City Health Study: they selected the first 10,000 volunteers. Volunteers who didn’t drink coffee were eliminated from the study, so they ended up with 9,009 subjects.

The researchers collected dietary data along with a variety of other demographic and physiological variables, integrating lifestyle-related behavior, comorbidities, biomarkers, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic data, and finally major cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). They divided up the subjects by coffee intake: low = less than three cups a day, medium = three or four cups per day, and high = more than four cups of coffee per day.

Results

This epidemiological cross-sectional study resulted in the following:

  • High coffee consumption correlated with slightly higher LDL cholesterol
  • Moderate and high coffee consumption correlated with lower systolic blood pressure and lower diastolic blood pressure
  • Different levels of coffee intake didn’t impact heart rhythms or function
  • Most important, coffee intake did not impact the presence of CVD nor prior cardiac events such as heart attacks and heart failure

Were the results of coffee and LDL cholesterol concerning? No—the difference was just five mg/dl, well within measurement error.

Is Coffee Safe to Drink?

Coffee was always safe to drink; the question was how our bodies responded to consuming it. Neither of these studies was perfect, but they show that even high coffee consumers, including myself, may not be at any significant risk for promoting or advancing CVD or cardiovascular events.

I think for most people coffee and caffeine are closely linked. What most of us don’t realize is that coffee is a complex liquid consisting of more than 1,000 bioactive substances, including phytochemicals that have proven beneficial for many organ systems; it’s not only a nervous system stimulant because of the caffeine content.

The Bottom Line

When it comes to coffee, I think it’s person-specific. Taste aside, some people may process caffeine differently, which may impact how much coffee someone could enjoy. These studies add to a body of work which shows that coffee is safe for the heart and other organs; other benefits or issues require further study. For me, time for another mug of Sumatra Roast.

What are you prepared to do today?

        Dr. Chet

Reference: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-31857-5

Research Update: Coffee and Heart Rhythms

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In one of the first jobs I ever had, the foreman would pour a half-cup of coffee and fill it up with water; he’d had a heart attack and his doctor told him to limit his coffee intake. Fifty years ago, physicians recommended that people avoid coffee if they had high blood pressure or had a cardiac event such as a heart attack. The thought was to lower the stimulating effect of caffeine to keep heart rate and blood pressure lower. In the interim, some studies showed that coffee contributes to cardiovascular disease and more recently, that it may not. So if you love coffee the way I love coffee, you may be encouraged by a couple of recent studies.

The first study examined the effect of coffee on heart rhythms in 100 subjects with a mean age of 39 who served as their own controls. All subjects had a variety of blood tests as well as genetic tests to determine if they were fast or slow processors of caffeine. They also wore a new-age heart rhythm monitor for the 14 days of the study. I’ve worn that monitor, and it gives accurate EKGs to monitor heart rate and heart rhythm abnormalities such as premature atrial contractions and atrial fibrillation.

The subjects were notified the evening before whether they were going to be on a two-day coffee drinking cycle or two-day caffeine avoidance; the idea was to track immediate impacts. The good news: there were no differences in abnormal rhythms on coffee days versus non-caffeine days and no impact of caffeine processing. One interesting observation: on the days subjects drank coffee, they walked more steps. We’ll look at the impact of coffee on cardiovascular disease events on Saturday.

What are you prepared to do today?

        Dr. Chet

Reference: N Engl J Med 2023;388:1092-100.

Four Tips for the 4th!

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We are fast approaching the three-day holiday weekend to celebrate the 4th of July here in the U.S. It got me to thinking: just because it’s a holiday, it doesn’t mean we should completely abandon some of our health habits that might be strained a little bit, given the celebrations associated with Independence Day. This is going to be a time to be outside, most likely in the heat and humidity given the advanced forecasts, with plenty of foods that may not be typical of our normal diet. So I decided to give you four tips for your health this holiday weekend.

Protect Your Eyes

I’ve been watching barbecue competitions on the Food Network, and I’ve noticed the master chefs squinting because the sun is constantly in their eyes. Don’t do that. Wear a hat with a brim to shield your eyes from direct sunlight, then add sunglasses to your ensemble. While there’s no direct evidence that a single exposure creates critical damage to the eyes, there’s no point in exposing your eyes to the most powerful and strongest sunshine of the year. Don’t forget that this applies to kids as well; keeping kids in good-quality sunglasses isn’t easy, but we have to protect those little eyes—or maybe opt for a cool hat. It’s also important if spending time in a pool or lake; the glare of the sun off the water can be just as damaging.

Protect Your Skin

I recently spent a significant amount of time researching the potential benefits of taking collagen for skin health, and the single most damaging factor to skin as we age is exposure to the sun. If you’re going to be outside for parades, family gatherings, in the pool, etc, make sure that you use sunblock to protect your skin. It will require re-application as the day goes on, but it’s worth it. If you want to avoid the problems of aging skin, protect it now, and again, don’t forget about protecting the skin of your children and grandchildren. A bad burn early in life may have consequences later on.

Drink!

When you spend hours and hours in outdoor activities, you have to maintain your fluid intake and then some. The general recommendation is half your body weight in ounces per day; if you weigh 150 pounds, drink 75 ounces of fluids every day. If it’s a hot, humid day, it should be four to eight ounces about every 15 minutes. The only fluid that doesn’t count is alcoholic beverages; alcohol is a diuretic which means you will lose more fluid than you take in. So you have to make sure that you focus on other types of fluid as well. This might be a good time to check out Paula’s Sugar-Free Sweet Tea recipe on the Health Info page of drchet.com; she spent weeks researching and testing to find a way to have Southern-style sweet tea without the calories, and I think she came as close as possible. Contrary to widespread belief, caffeine is not a diuretic; tea, coffee, energy drinks, and other caffeinated drinks add to your total the same as non-caffeinated.

Red, White, and Blue

Hot dogs, hamburgers, ribs, and other grilled meats seem to dominate our diet during the July 4th cookouts. I wouldn’t think of changing that, but I would add some red, white, and blue to it. The vitamins and phytonutrients in fruit can offset some of those high fat foods we may eat. Look for strawberries, watermelon, raspberries, and tomatoes for the red. Apples, pears, and bananas for the white. Blueberries, blackberries, and Concord grapes for the blue. Emphasize fruit snacks instead of salty, and get a cup or two with every meal for the healthy nutrients and great tastes.

The Bottom Line

Enjoy Independence Day to the fullest, but take a couple of minutes to take care of your health while you celebrate. You’ll reap the benefits by keeping your body independent of the potential challenges celebrations can bring. Paula and I will do the same. Enjoy the holiday weekend and we’ll see you next Tuesday.

What are you prepared to do today?

        Dr. Chet

Will Bitter Orange Help You Burn More Fat?

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When it comes to weight loss and exercise, we’re always looking for an edge such as burning more fat at rest or during exercise. Bitter orange is an herb that contains p-synephrine, a reputed booster of fat metabolism while you’re at rest. A small study tested p-synephrine, caffeine, and both together to see the effects during exercise when compared with a placebo; the researchers wanted to find which was more effective in increasing fat metabolism during exercise.

The researchers used 13 young, healthy volunteers for the experiment. They tested each of the subjects on four separate days with three to five days between tests. In random order, subjects were tested taking a placebo, three mg/kg body weight caffeine, three mg/kg body weight p-synephrine, and three mg/kg body weight of a combination caffeine and p-synephrine.

They found that caffeine raised systolic BP by eight mm Hg and diastolic mm Hg at rest; statistically different but nothing extraordinary. During the exercise phase, subjects began at 40% of max capacity and increased effort by 10% every three minutes until they reached 90% of capacity Caffeine raised fat use during exercise more than p-synephrine or the combination of caffeine and p-synephrine. Overall energy use and carbohydrate metabolism did not change.

What does that mean for us? It could mean that a strong cup of coffee or an energy drink would help us burn more fat during exercise better than some exotic plant. Why waste money buying an herbal product with long-standing safety concerns?

What we don’t know is whether that effect would remain after the body adapted to the caffeine intake. Here’s what does work: training your body to use fat as a fuel at rest and during exercise. That’s what the Optimal Performance program is all about. Check it out.

What are you prepared to do today?

        Dr. Chet

Reference: MSSE 2018. 50(9):1899-1906.

Sports Nutrition Before Your Workout

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With the Olympics around the corner, sports nutrition’s a timely topic. Many sports nutrition products are available, but I’ve wondered whether you understood why you might use some of these products. This week, I’ll cover three areas of sports nutrition.

Let’s begin with pre-workout products—what purpose do they serve? The first purpose is to increase fuel availability. When you exercise, you need sugar released from glycogen and fatty acids released from fat stores; that allows your body to be ready to use calories from those fuels at a higher rate when you begin your . . .

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Drinking Your Phytonutrients: I Love Coffee

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I’ll say it again: I love coffee. I’ve been drinking it since my mother put coffee with a little sugar in my bottle when I was a baby; I guess she wanted me to stay awake. (Yes, that’s Ma and I in the photo; Paula’s feeling creative this week.)

In my lifetime, the health news has said coffee is both bad and good for you. Today it seems to be mostly on the plus side; there’s good reason for that and it appears the benefits are due to the phytonutrients and—surprise!—the caffeine.

Caffeine . . .

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Taurine and Caffeine

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Today we’re wrapping up our look at the potential benefits of adding more taurine to your diet. One of the topics I get asked about most often is the effect of caffeine and taurine in combination on the heart. The concern is that energy drinks contain both nutrients; would that have negative effects on people with heart issues such as hypertension? Let’s take a look at a recent research review.

The authors of the review paper examined the available research on the potential interactions between caffeine and taurine because of the increase in energy-drink consumption. The effects . . .

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If you're already a DrChet.com Member or Insider, click on the Membership Login link on the top menu. Members may upgrade to Insider by going to the Store and clicking Membership; your membership fee will be prorated automatically.